|
| Chapter 2:
Configuring Asynchronous Connections with Modems |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 2.1 |
Modem Functions
| 2.1.1 |
Digital
to analog conversion |
| 2.1.2 |
Modem
signaling and cabling |
| 2.1.3 |
Communication
Termination |
| 2.1.4 |
Modem
operation |
| 2.1.5 |
Communication
wiring and cabling |
| 2.1.6 |
Difference
between Console and Auxiliary Ports |
| 2.1.7 |
Connections
specific to Cisco products |
| 2.1.8 |
Modem
modulation standards |
| 2.1.9 |
Error
control and data compression |
|
|
| 2.2 |
Configuration for
Asynchronous Connections
| 2.2.1 |
Connecting
to the Modem |
| 2.2.2 |
Asynchronous
Interfaces—Line Numbering |
| 2.2.3 |
EXEC
Connection Commands |
| 2.2.4 |
Line
Types and Numbering |
| 2.2.5 |
Interface
Async and Line Configuration |
| 2.2.6 |
Basic
Async Configuration—Router Preparation |
|
|
| 2.3 |
Modem Configuration
| 2.3.1 |
Basic
Async Configuration—Modem Preparation |
| 2.3.2 |
Manual
Configuration of Modems with Standard Commands |
| 2.3.3 |
Manual
Configuration of Modems with Nonstandard Modem Commands |
| 2.3.4 |
Modem
Initialization Strings |
| 2.3.5 |
Automatic
Configuration of Modems |
| 2.3.6 |
Modem
Capability Database |
| 2.3.7 |
Modem
Autodiscovery |
| 2.3.8 |
Modem
Autoconfiguration |
| 2.3.9 |
Fine-Tuning
Modem Autoconfiguration |
| 2.3.10 |
Chat-Scripts
for Async Lines |
|
|
| 2.4 |
Maintaining Modem Auto-config
| 2.4.1 |
Verifying
and Debugging Modem Autoconfiguration |
| 2.4.2 |
Troubleshooting
Modem Autoconfiguration |
| 2.4.3 |
Configuring
Asynchronous Connections between Remote Routers |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter 3: Configuring
Point-To-Point Protocol And Controlling Network Access |
| Chapter
Review |
|
| Chapter
Overview |
|
| 3.1 |
PPP Architecture
| 3.1.1 |
Point-to-point
links |
| 3.1.2 |
PPP
functional components |
| 3.1.3 |
Configuring
Cisco access servers |
| 3.1.4 |
Enabling
PPP |
| 3.1.5 |
Configuring
Dedicated or Interactive PPP (and SLIP) Sessions |
| 3.1.6 |
Configuring
the Interface Addressing Method for Local Devices |
| 3.1.7 |
Configuring
the Interface-Addressing Method for Remote Devices |
|
|
| 3.2 |
PPP Link Control
Protocol Options
| 3.2.1 |
Configuration
features |
| 3.2.2 |
PAP and
CHAP authentication |
| 3.2.3 |
Configuring
PAP authentication |
| 3.2.4 |
Configuring
CHAP authentication |
| 3.2.5 |
Configuring
CHAP example |
|
|
| 3.3 |
PPP Callback
| 3.3.1 |
Callback
implementation |
| 3.3.2 |
Callback:
how does it work? |
| 3.3.3 |
Configuring
Async callback |
| 3.3.4 |
Configuring
the callback server |
| 3.3.5 |
Configuring
the callback client |
|
|
| 3.4 |
PPP Compression
| 3.4.1 |
Data
compression |
| 3.4.2 |
Configuring
compression |
| 3.4.3 |
PPP
multilink |
| 3.4.4 |
Multilink
operation and configuration |
| 3.4.5 |
Verifying
and troubleshooting PPP |
| 3.4.6 |
PPP
Configuration Example |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter 4:
Accessing the Central Site with Windows 9X |
| Chapter
Review |
|
| Chapter
Overview |
|
| 4.1 |
Windows 95 Dial-up
Networking
| 4.1.1 |
Basics
and issues |
| 4.1.2 |
LAN
connection protocols |
|
|
| 4.2 |
Configuring a Windows
95 Dial-up Connection
| 4.2.1 |
Dial-up
connection |
| 4.2.2 |
Configuring
a Windows 95 dial-up client |
| 4.2.3 |
Verifying
a Windows 95 dial-up connection |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
|
|
| Chapter
5: Using ISDN and DDR Technologies to Enhance Remote Connectivity |
| Chapter
Review |
|
| Chapter
Overview |
|
| 5.1 |
ISDN Architecture
| 5.1.1 |
ISDN versus
asynchronous |
| 5.1.2 |
ISDN services
and channelized E1 and T1 |
| 5.1.3 |
BRI call
processing |
| 5.1.4 |
BRI
functional groups and reference points |
| 5.1.5 |
PRI reference
points |
|
|
| 5.2 |
ISDN Protocol Layers
|
|
| 5.3 |
ISDN BRI and DDR
| 5.3.1 |
Interesting
or uninteresting traffic |
| 5.3.2 |
Configuring
an ISDN BRI |
| 5.3.3 |
Step 1 -
selecting the ISDN switch type |
| 5.3.4 |
Step 2 -
configuring the interface |
| 5.3.5 |
Step 3 -
Setting the service profile identifiers (SPID), if necessary |
| 5.3.6 |
Step 4 -
Setting the encapsulation protocol |
|
|
| 5.4 |
Configuring Dial-on-Demand
Routing (DDR)
| 5.4.1 |
Initiating
Connections |
| 5.4.2 |
Step 1 -
defining what constitutes interesting traffic |
| 5.4.3 |
Step 2 -
Assigning the dialer-list to an interface |
| 5.4.4 |
Step 3 -
Defining destination parameters |
| 5.4.5 |
Step 4 -
Defining optional call parameters |
|
|
| 5.5 |
Static and Default Routing
| 5.5.1 |
Use of static
and default routes |
| 5.5.2 |
Configuring
static routes |
| 5.5.3 |
Configuring
default routes |
| 5.5.4 |
Setting route
redistribution |
| 5.5.5 |
Deactivating
routing updates |
| 5.5.6 |
Configuring a
route for initiating an ISDN call |
| 5.5.7 |
Using an
extended access list to define a dialer list |
| 5.5.8 |
Snapshot
routing |
| 5.5.9 |
Snapshot
routing model |
| 5.5.10 |
Enabling
snapshot routing |
|
|
| 5.6 |
Optional Configurations
| 5.6.1 |
B-channel
aggregation |
| 5.6.2 |
Cisco
proprietary BOD |
| 5.6.3 |
Multilink PPP |
| 5.6.4 |
ISDN caller
identification |
| 5.6.5 |
Called-party
number answering |
| 5.6.6 |
ISDN rate
adaptation |
|
|
| 5.7 |
Monitoring the ISDN Interface
| 5.7.1 |
The show
interface bri command |
| 5.7.2 |
The show isdn
status command |
| 5.7.3 |
Verifying PPP
multilink |
| 5.7.4 |
Troubleshooting
MLP |
| 5.7.5 |
ISDN debug
command |
|
|
| 5.8 |
ISDN Primary Rate Interface
| 5.8.1 |
PRI
configuration tasks |
| 5.8.2 |
Selecting the
PRI switch |
| 5.8.3 |
Selecting the
ISDN PRI controller for configuration |
| 5.8.4 |
Configuring
the Framing, Linecoding, and Clocking of the Controller |
| 5.8.5 |
Additional
ISDN PRI configuration parameters |
| 5.8.6 |
PRI
configuration example |
| 5.8.7 |
ISDN BRI to
PRI connection example using DDR |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
| Chapter 6: Optimizing
the Use of DDR Interface - Dialer Profiles and Rotary Groups |
| Chapter
Review |
| Chapter
Overview |
| 6.1 |
Dialer Rotary
| 6.1.1 |
Creating
and configuring a rotary group |
| 6.1.2 |
Configuring
the interface dialer |
| 6.1.3 |
Dealing
with dialer timers |
|
| 6.2 |
Dialer Profile
| 6.2.1 |
Logical
and physical configurations |
| 6.2.2 |
Components
of dialer profile |
| 6.2.3 |
Dialer
interface |
| 6.2.4 |
Dialer
map class |
| 6.2.5 |
Dialer
pool and physical interfaces |
| 6.2.6 |
Example
of dialer profile configuration |
| 6.2.7 |
Verifying
a dialer profile configuration |
| 6.2.8 |
Configuration
example: Using dialer profiles to enhance DDR |
|
| 6.3 |
Time-Based Access
Lists
| 6.3.1 |
Features |
| 6.3.2 |
Application:
time based ISDN |
| 6.3.3 |
Sample
applications and configurations |
| 6.3.4 |
Case
study: time based ISDN |
|
| 6.4 |
Scaling
Dial-on-Demand Routing
| 6.4.1 |
Case
study: scaling dial-on-demand routing |
| 6.4.2 |
Network
design considerations |
| 6.4.3 |
The
hardware solution |
| 6.4.4 |
Authentication |
| 6.4.5 |
Network
layer addressing |
| 6.4.6 |
Routing
strategy |
| 6.4.7 |
Configuring
central site access router interfaces |
| 6.4.8 |
Configuring
routing at the central site |
| 6.4.9 |
Configuring
the remote site routers |
| 6.4.10 |
The
complete configurations |
|
| Chapter
Summary |
| Chapter
Quiz
|
|
|
|
|
| Chapter 7: Using
X.25 for Remote Access |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 7.1 |
X.25
| 7.1.1 |
X.25
standard |
| 7.1.2 |
X.25
protocol stack |
| 7.1.3 |
X.25
DTE and DCE |
| 7.1.4 |
The
Packet Assembler/Deassembler (PAD) |
| 7.1.5 |
X.121-The
X.25 Addressing Standard |
| 7.1.6 |
X.25
encapsulation |
| 7.1.7 |
X.25
virtual circuits |
|
|
| 7.2 |
Configuring X.25
| 7.2.1 |
Interface
tasks |
| 7.2.2 |
Configuring
the X.121 address |
| 7.2.3 |
Configuring
X.25 SVCs |
| 7.2.4 |
Configuring
X.25 PVCs |
| 7.2.5 |
Configuring
X.25 VC Ranges |
| 7.2.6 |
Configuring
X.25 Packet Sizes |
| 7.2.7 |
Configuring
Window Parameters |
| 7.2.8 |
Additional
X.25 Configuration Options Example |
| 7.2.9 |
Verifying
X.25 Configuration |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter 8: Frame
Relay Connection and Traffic Flow Control |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 8.1 |
Frame Relay
| 8.1.1 |
What is
Frame Relay? |
| 8.1.2 |
Frame Relay
operation |
| 8.1.3 |
Frame Relay
signaling |
|
|
| 8.2 |
Configuring
Frame Relay
| 8.2.1 |
Steps
to enable Frame Relay |
| 8.2.2 |
Frame Relay
encapsulation and mapping |
| 8.2.3 |
show
interface serial command |
| 8.2.4 |
show
frame-relay pvc command |
| 8.2.5 |
show
frame-relay map command |
| 8.2.6 |
show
frame-relay lmi command |
|
|
| 8.3 |
Frame
Relay Topologies
| 8.3.1 |
Connecting
remote sites |
| 8.3.2 |
Reachability
issues with routing updates |
| 8.3.3 |
Solution
for split horizon issues - subinterfaces |
| 8.3.4 |
Configuring
Frame Relay subinterfaces |
|
|
| 8.4 |
Frame
Relay Traffic Shaping
| 8.4.1 |
Overview |
| 8.4.2 |
Traffic
shaping and flow terminology |
| 8.4.3 |
Using
traffic shaping over Frame Relay |
| 8.4.4 |
Configuring
Frame Relay traffic shaping |
| 8.4.5 |
How to
define a map class |
| 8.4.6 |
Traffic shaping
examples |
| 8.4.7 |
Rate
enforcement example |
| 8.4.8 |
Dynamic
enforcement example |
| 8.4.9 |
Queuing
example |
| 8.4.10 |
Verifying
Frame Relay traffic shaping |
|
|
| 8.5 |
On Demand Routing
| 8.5.1 |
What is on
demand routing? |
| 8.5.2 |
Configuring
ODR |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter
9: Enabling Backup to a Permanent
Connection |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 9.1 |
Dial Backup
| 9.1.1 |
Configuring
dial backup |
| 9.1.2 |
Example
of dial backup for link failure |
| 9.1.3 |
Activating
a dial backup to support primary line traffic |
| 9.1.4 |
Example
of dial backup for excessive traffic load |
|
|
| 9.2 |
Backup Interface
Operations
| 9.2.1 |
Standby
mode |
| 9.2.2 |
Dialer
profiles as backup interfaces |
| 9.2.3 |
Configuring
dial backup with dialer profiles |
|
|
| 9.3 |
Routing with the
Load-Backup Feature
| 9.3.1 |
Load
backup with OSPF |
| 9.3.2 |
Load
backup with IGRP and EIGRP |
|
|
| 9.4 |
Verifying Dial Backup
Configuration
| 9.4.1 |
show
interface type number command |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter
10: Managing Network Performance with
Queuing and Compression |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 10.1 |
Queuing
| 10.1.1 |
Queuing
types |
| 10.1.2 |
The
need for traffic prioritization |
| 10.1.3 |
Establishing
a queuing policy |
| 10.1.4 |
Choosing
a Cisco IOS queuing option |
|
|
| 10.2 |
Queuing Options
| 10.2.1 |
First
in, first out queuing overview |
| 10.2.2 |
Weighted
fair queuing overview |
| 10.2.3 |
Configuring
weighted fair queuing |
| 10.2.4 |
Priority
queuing overview |
| 10.2.5 |
Configuring
priority queuing |
| 10.2.6 |
Custom
queuing overview |
| 10.2.7 |
Custom
queuing operation |
| 10.2.8 |
Configuring
custom queuing |
| 10.2.9 |
Custom
queuing example |
| 10.2.10 |
Verifying
queuing operation |
|
|
| 10.3 |
Optimizing Traffic Flow
with Data Compression
| 10.3.1 |
Compression
overview |
| 10.3.2 |
Link
compression over a point-to-point connection |
| 10.3.3 |
Payload
compression |
| 10.3.4 |
TCP/IP
header compression |
| 10.3.5 |
Microsoft
point-to-point compression |
| 10.3.6 |
Compression
consideration |
| 10.3.7 |
Configuring
data compression |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter
11: Scaling IP Addresses with Network Address Translation |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 11.1 |
NAT
|
|
| 11.2 |
NAT operation
| 11.2.1 |
NAT
functions |
| 11.2.2 |
Traffic
types supported in Cisco IOS NAT |
| 11.2.3 |
Translating
inside local addresses |
| 11.2.4 |
Overloading
inside global addresses |
| 11.2.5 |
TCP
load distribution |
| 11.2.6 |
Handling
overlapping networks |
|
|
| 11.3 |
Configuring NAT
| 11.3.1 |
Static
NAT configuration |
| 11.3.2 |
Dynamic
NAT configuration |
| 11.3.3 |
Inside
global address overloading configuration |
| 11.3.4 |
TCP
load distribution configuration |
| 11.3.5 |
NAT to
translate overlapping addresses configuration |
| 11.3.6 |
Verifying
NAT |
| 11.3.7 |
Troubleshooting
NAT |
| 11.3.8 |
Clearing
NAT translation entries |
|
|
| 11.4 |
Configuring and
Troubleshooting PAT on the Cisco 700 Router
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Chapter
12: Using AAA to Scale Access Control in an Expanding Network |
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| 12.1 |
Cisco Access-Control
Solutions
|
|
| 12.2 |
Configuring AAA
| 12.2.1 |
Enabling
AAA and identifying the server |
| 12.2.2 |
AAA
authentication commands |
| 12.2.3 |
AAA
authorization commands |
| 12.2.4 |
AAA
accounting commands |
| 12.2.5 |
AAA and
virtual profiles |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
| Appendix
A: Emerging Remote-Access Technologies |
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| A.1 |
Cable Modems
| A.1.1 |
Two-way,
high-speed data transmissions |
| A.1.2 |
How cable
modems work |
| A.1.3 |
Cable data
network architecture |
| A.1.4 |
Cable and the
OSI model |
| A.1.5 |
Cable summary |
|
|
| A.2 |
Wireless Access
Networks
|
|
| A.3 |
Multichannel
Multipoint Distribution Services
|
|
| A.4 |
Local Multipoint
Distribution Services
|
|
| A.5 |
Wireless
Local-Area Networks
| A.5.1 |
What is
wireless local-area networking |
| A.5.2 |
In building
WLANs |
| A.5.3 |
Building-to-building
WLANs |
| A.5.4 |
The wireless
LAN standard |
| A.5.5 |
The future of
wireless local-area networking |
| A.5.6 |
Mobility
services |
| A.5.7 |
Conclusion |
|
|
| A.6 |
Digital
Subscriber Line
| A.6.1 |
DSL
background |
| A.6.2 |
Asymmetric
digital subscriber line |
| A.6.3 |
ADSL services
architecture |
| A.6.4 |
ADSL
capabilities |
| A.6.5 |
ADSL
technology |
| A.6.6 |
ADSL
standards and associations |
|
|
| A.7 |
Very-High-Data-Rate
Digital Subscriber Line
|
|
| Chapter
Summary
|
|
|
|
| Appendix
B: Configuring a Cisco 700 Series Router
|
Chapter
Review
|
|
Chapter
Overview
|
|
| B.1 |
Cisco 700 Series
| B.1.1 |
Flexibility
for remote access |
| B.1.2 |
Cisco
700 series features |
| B.1.3 |
Networking
features |
| B.1.4 |
Routing
and WAN features |
| B.1.5 |
ISDN
and Telephony features |
| B.1.6 |
IOS-700
Release 4.x-Summary of Features |
| B.1.7 |
Profile
overview |
| B.1.8 |
Cisco
700 user interface |
|
|
| B.2 |
Configuring the Cisco
700 Series
| B.2.1 |
Parameters
to prepare |
| B.2.2 |
System
level configuration |
| B.2.3 |
LAN
profile configuration |
| B.2.4 |
User
profile configuration |
| B.2.5 |
Cisco
700 - configuration example |
| B.2.6 |
Caller
ID |
| B.2.7 |
PPP
callback - no authorization |
| B.2.8 |
receive
number authorization |
|
|
| B.3 |
Cisco 700 and Cisco IOS
Configuration Examples
| B.3.1 |
IP
Traffic with CHAP Authentication between a Cisco 700 and a
Cisco IOS Software-Based Router |
| B.3.2 |
IP
Traffic with PAP Authentication between Two 700 series routers |
| B.3.3 |
IPX
Traffic with CHAP Authentication between a 700 series router
and an IOS-based Router |
| B.3.4 |
Authentication
Quick Reference Guide |
| B.3.5 |
Monitoring
IP Routing |
| B.3.6 |
Cisco
700 Series and DHCP |
| B.3.7 |
700
Series-DHCP Functionality |
| B.3.8 |
DHCP
Server Configuration |
| B.3.9 |
DHCP
Relay Agent Configuration |
| B.3.10 |
Monitoring
DHCP |
|
|
| Chapter
Summary |
|
| Chapter
Quiz |
|
|
|
|