Permissions control who can do what to files and directories in the
file system. Directory and file permissions can be determined using
the
ls (list)
command with the -l (long) option. The
ls -l
command will display a long listing of the contents of a directory. If
the -a (all) option is included, all files, including hidden
files (those beginning with a dot) will be displayed. As previously
discussed, the long listing displays a separate line of output, which
includes eight pieces of information, for each file or directory. The
permissions portion of the
ls -l
output is the focus of this chapter. Figure
is a brief review of the components of the
ls -l
command output and
Figure
shows the location of each component.
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