| All computers require an operating
system (OS) to manage their functions, regardless of the manufacturer
and whether it is a micro, midrange or mainframe computer. Operating
systems can be divided into two major categories: single user or
desktop and multi-user or network. Most desktop
operating systems are single user, meaning they can only keep track of
what one user is doing at a time. DOS and Windows 3.x are examples of
single user desktop operating systems since the activities of only one
user can be managed or only one user can be logged in at a time. Windows
9x, NT Workstation, Windows 2000, and Mac OS have some networking
capabilities for peer-to-peer workgroup networking, but they are
largely considered desktop operating systems.
UNIX can also serve as a desktop
operating system but is primarily for use with high-end workstations.
Examples of these include engineering and scientific applications
which require dedicated high-performance workstations. Specific
applications include Computer Aided Design (CAD), electronic circuit
design, weather data analysis, computer graphics and animation, and
medical equipment consoles.
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