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The rapid growth of the internet has
brought about two issues with the IP addressing first introduced in 1981:
first, IP address exhaustion; and second, routing table growth and
manageability.

IPv6 (the next-generation IP) responds
to these issues by introducing a 128-bit address. In the meantime,
RFCs have been introduced to enable the current IP addressing scheme
to be organized in a hierarchical manner. One particularly effective
method of combating these problems is by using addressing hierarchies,
as described in the next section.
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